It is characterised by frequencies from 4.0Hz to 7.9Hz. It seems to be present in hypnogogic and hypnopompic hallucination. The theta state is commonly experienced in deepened states of meditation, at the onset and in lighter parts of sleep. Note: You can quickly induce alpha state by closing your eyes and generally looking upwards, allowing your eyes to roll backwards. The natural amplitudes tend to be larger than beta. The alpha state of mind involves frequencies from 8.0 to 12.9Hz. A typical example would be driving a car (how many times have you driven from work and barely remembered the journey?). The alpha state is the one you experience whilst doing a mundane repetitive task with nothing particular on your mind. The alpha mind state is that state commonly experienced while the body is resting and the mind is calm. Beta, alpha, theta and delta are terms that medicine uses to indicate the rates of brain cell firing and the corresponding mental states associated with them. These firing rates are commonly thought to control mental states.

These instruments measure the neuron firing rates of groups of brain cells.

Electrical instruments (electroencephalographs) are commonly used by medical people to evaluate mental states.

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